Weather and Climate in Brazil

Brazil is a vast country taking up most of the continent of South America. One would assume that in a country this big, there would be considerable changes in the weather and climate throughout the country. However, this is not the case. It is only really the south of Brazil that sees real season changes on a par with those experienced in the USA or Europe.The seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere countries. In Brazil, December thru February is summer. March thru June is fall. July thru September is winter. October and November is spring.Brazil as a whole does witness seasonal changes in the weather and climate in relation to rainfall, temperatures and humidity. Yet as you travel from the north to the south these changes do become a lot more acute due to the move away from the equator.
The Northeast of Brazil arguably offers the best climate and weather. In the summer it gets temperatures similar to Rio but due to the tropical breeze there it is much less humidity. From Bahia to Maranhao temperatures are slightly warmer than Rio all year round.

Brazil is larger than the continental United States. As it is one of the few South American countries not to include the Andes mountains, there are no permanent snowfields in Brazil. The country is split into four distinct climatic regions: the Amazon Basin, the Brazilian plateau, the coastlands within the tropics and the southern states.
Average Temperatures:

Atlantic Coast - Rio de Janeiro to Recife
73F to 81F (23C to 27C)

Inland and higher elevations
64F to 70F (18C to 21C)

South of Rio de Janeiro
63F to 66F (17C to 19C)

Amazon Climate
72F to 79F (22C to 26C)

The Amazon Basin is the largest area in the world with a typical equatorial climate. Rainfall in some places can exceed 2000 mm (80″) and there is no real dry season. Tropical temperatures (27 - 32 °C / 80 - 90 °F) are typical. Frost is unknown, but in the south of the region, occasional cold spells (friagem) cause night temperatures to fall below 10 °C (50 °F) making it most uncomfortable for the people. Daytime temperatures of 38 °C (100 °F) are rare, but the high humidity and monotony of the temperatures can make conditions very unpleasant.

The Brazilian Plateau is another very large region, but being south of the Amazon Basin and at a moderate altitude, it has a very different climate. There is a very distinct wet season at the time of high sun, with almost all the rainfall (about 1500 mm / 60″) falling between October and April. The dry northeast of the region has a much lower average rainfall (in some places less than 750 mm / 30″), but it is also very irregular from year to year, causing prolonged droughts. The tropical east coast (including Rio de Janeiro) has a typically hot tropical climate, although there are significant differences in the season of greatest rainfall from north to south.

Near the Amazon mouth all months are wet, but the greatest rainfalls occur from December to May (in excess of 300 mm / 12″ per month). Further south (eg Recife) the wettest months are May to August, although amounts tend to be lower. Further south still (at Rio) the wettest period is November to April. Nowhere on this coast do maximum temperatures rise so high as to be uncomfortable, but the combination of warmth and high humidity can be unpleasant at night. Daytime heat is often tempered by sea breezes, but temperatures never drop very low. Frost is unknown on the coast, but in the hills occasional frosts may damage the coffee crop.

The southern states have a warm temperate climate, although on the coast a distinct cooler season can produce frosts. Winter has a real significance in this region, and the difference between the seasons is determined by temperature rather than rainfall. The area is often affected by invasions of cold air from the Antarctic, but during summer, temperatures can rise to levels similar to the tropical regions. The region has a healthy and pleasant climate with an average of 8-9 hours of sunshine a day in summer. On the higher land, frosts are common, but snow is very rare. Inland the wettest months are during the summer in contrast to the coast.

Travelling to Brazil in the next few days? Get all the updates on the weather and climate in Brazil by using the Brazil Weather Outlook tool.

Sources: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/country/brazil/weather-climate.html and http://www.southtravels.com/america/brazil/weather.html